Conduct Disorder

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WHAT IS CONDUCT DISORDER?

Conduct Disorder (CD) is a mental health condition typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. It involves a pattern of aggressive, defiant, and antisocial behaviors that violate the rights of others and break societal rules. Children and teens with conduct disorder often display disruptive behavior that can have significant impacts on their social, academic, and family life. The behaviors associated with CD can range from mild to severe and may lead to more serious issues if not addressed.

Up to 3% of Children in the U.S. Have Conduct Disorder

Yale Medicine

TYPES OF CONDUCT DISORDER

  • Symptoms of conduct disorder typically appear before the age of 10. Children with CD tend to exhibit more aggressive and severe behaviors, such as fighting, bullying, and cruelty to animals or people. This early onset is often associated with more significant long-term challenges, including legal issues and substance abuse.

  • In this type of conduct disorder, symptoms typically appear after the age of 10, during adolescence. The behaviors may be less aggressive than those seen in childhood-onset CD, but still involve violating rules, engaging in antisocial activities, or lying and stealing. Adolescents with this type of conduct disorder often have better long-term outcomes compared to those with childhood-onset CD.

  • In some cases, the age at which the symptoms of conduct disorder first appeared is unclear or cannot be precisely determined. Without knowing the age of onset, predicting long-term outcomes can be more challenging, as childhood-onset and adolescent-onset subtypes have distinct trajectories and associated risks.

 

WHAT TREATMENTS ARE AVAILABLE?

PSYCHOTHERAPY

Psychotherapy is one of the most effective tools in treating conduct disorder, particularly when combined with family therapy or parent training.

  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
    CBT helps individuals with conduct disorder change negative thinking patterns and develop more positive behaviors. This type of therapy focuses on teaching coping skills and how to manage anger or frustration in healthy ways.

  • Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
    Parent training programs, like PCIT, aim to help parents manage challenging behaviors in their children. These programs teach parents effective discipline strategies and how to reinforce positive behaviors while reducing negative ones.

  • Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST)
    MST is a family and community-based treatment that focuses on changing the child's environment, including home, school, and peer relationships. It is designed for teens with severe conduct problems and is considered an intensive approach for those at risk of criminal behavior.

  • Behavioral Therapy
    Behavioral therapy helps children learn how to manage their emotions and actions through reinforcement techniques. This therapy is designed to reward desirable behaviors and diminish problematic behaviors through consistent feedback and consequences.

MEDICATIONS

While there are no medications specifically for treating conduct disorders, pharmaceuticals may be used to address symptoms associated with the disorder, such as aggression, impulsivity, or underlying conditions like ADHD or anxiety.

  • Stimulants (for co-occurring ADHD)
    Stimulants, commonly used to treat ADHD, can help reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity, which are often seen in children with conduct disorder. Medications such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine salts (Adderall) are commonly prescribed when ADHD coexists with CD.

  • Antidepressants
    For children or teens with conduct disorder and co-occurring mood disorders, such as depression, antidepressant medications (e.g., SSRIs) may be prescribed to help manage these additional symptoms.

  • Antipsychotics
    In more severe cases, antipsychotic medications may be prescribed to help manage aggression and extreme behavioral disturbances. These medications are usually considered when other treatments are not effective.


HOW DO I GET HELP?

LEARN ABOUT THE DISORDER

Educate yourself about conduct disorder, its symptoms, and potential treatments. Understanding the condition can help you feel more confident in managing it and knowing what options are available.

IDENTIFY YOUR CHILD’S TRIGGERS

Children with conduct disorder may have specific triggers that set off their aggressive or disruptive behaviors. Pay attention to patterns, such as situations, people, or stressors that may provoke a reaction. Being proactive in managing these triggers can help prevent escalation.

WORK WITH PROFESSIONALS

Work with mental health professionals such as psychologists, therapists, and psychiatrists to develop an effective treatment plan. Be open to adjusting the plan as needed and discuss progress regularly.

AVOID SUBSTANCES

Children with conduct disorder are at a higher risk for substance abuse, particularly as they enter adolescence. Avoiding drugs and alcohol can prevent further complications and help maintain emotional and behavioral stability.

CREATE A SUPPORTIVE HOME ENVIORNMENT

A consistent and supportive home environment is essential for children with conduct disorder. Setting clear boundaries, providing positive reinforcement, and practicing calm and effective discipline strategies can all contribute to a more stable home life.

 

Conduct disorder can be a challenging and disruptive condition, but with early intervention, the right treatment, and family support, children and teens with CD can learn to manage their behavior and lead fulfilling lives. If you suspect your child may have conduct disorder, it’s important to seek help from a mental health professional who can help guide you through the treatment process and provide the necessary support for both the child and the family.

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Dissociative Disorders